This Cookies Policy was last updated on 16 January 2026.
To meet the specific requirements of the GDPR (set out in the EU Directive of 26 May 2012) and the provisions of the applicable national legislation (Law no. 506 of 17 November 2004) on the processing of personal data and the protection of privacy in the electronic communications sector, we ask all visitors to our site to give their specific consent before any cookies are sent to their devices.
Our sites use both our own cookies and third-party cookies, in order to give our visitors an improved browsing experience and services tailored to each person’s needs and interests.
Cookies play an important role in making it easier to access and deliver the many varied services users enjoy online, such as:
- Personalising certain settings, such as the language a site is viewed in, or returning to previous preferences using the ‘forward’ and ‘back’ buttons;
- Giving site owners a valuable picture of how their sites are used by visitors, so they can be improved and made more efficient and accessible;
- Allowing multimedia or other types of applications from other sites to be embedded in a given site, to create a better, more useful, and more enjoyable browsing experience.
What is a "cookie"?
An “Internet Cookie” — also known as a “browser cookie”, an “HTTP cookie”, or simply a “cookie” — is a small file made up of letters and numbers that is stored on a user’s device (for example: computer, mobile phone, tablet, etc.) from which they access the site through a network, generally the internet.
The cookie is installed through a request sent by a server to a browser (for example: Firefox, Chrome, Safari, Internet Explorer, etc.) and is completely “passive” (it contains no software, viruses, or spyware, and cannot access the information on the user’s storage drive).
A cookie is made up of two parts: its name and its content (the value of the cookie). In addition, a cookie’s lifespan is predetermined; technically, only the server that sent the cookie can access it again, and it does so when a user returns to the site associated with that server.
Cookies themselves do not require personal information in order to be used and, in most cases, do not personally identify internet users.
There are two main categories of cookies
- Session cookies
These are stored temporarily in the cookie area of the web browser, so that the browser remembers them until the user leaves the site or closes the browser window (for example: when logging in to or out of a webmail account or a social network).
- Persistent cookies
These are stored on the storage drive of a computer or other device and generally depend on the lifespan set for the cookie. Persistent cookies also include those placed by a site other than the one the user is visiting at that moment — known as ‘third-party cookies’ — which can be used anonymously to remember a user’s interests, so that, for example, more relevant advertising can be delivered.
What are the benefits of cookies?
A cookie holds information that links a web browser (the user) to a web server (the site). If a browser accesses that server again, it can read the information already stored and respond accordingly.
Cookies give visitors a more pleasant browsing experience and support the efforts of many sites to offer better, more personalised services to users.
(For example: online privacy preferences, website language options, shopping carts, or relevant advertising.)
How long does a cookie last?
Cookies are managed by web servers. A cookie’s lifespan can vary quite a lot, depending on the purpose for which it was placed. Some cookies are used only for a single session (session cookies) and are no longer kept once the user has left the site, while others are kept and reused each time the user returns to that site (permanent cookies). That said, cookies can be deleted by a user at any time through their browser settings.
What are third-party cookies?
Certain sections of content on some sites may be provided through third parties/suppliers (for example: news, video content, or ads). These third parties may also place cookies through the site — these are called “third-party cookies” because they are not placed by the owner of that site. Third-party suppliers must also comply with the applicable law and with the site owner’s privacy policies.
How cookies are used by a site
A visit to a website may place cookies for several purposes:
- improving the site’s performance;
- analysing visitors;
- identifying the geographic area (geotargeting);
Performance cookies
This type of cookie remembers the user’s preferences on the site, so there’s no need to set them again on every visit (for example: volume settings for a video player, or the video-streaming speed the browser is compatible with).
Visitor-analysis cookies
Each time a user visits a site, the analytics software provided by a third party (for example: Google Analytics) generates a user-analysis cookie. This cookie shows whether the visitor has been to that site before. The browser signals whether you have this cookie, and if it doesn’t exist, one is generated. This allows the site to monitor unique visitors and how often they visit.
As long as the visitor is not registered on the site, this cookie cannot be used to identify individuals — it is used only for statistical purposes. If the visitor is registered, the details they provided, such as their email address and username, may also be known — and these are kept confidential, in accordance with the applicable legislation on the protection of personal data.
Geographic-area cookies
These cookies are used by software that determines which country the visitor comes from. It is completely anonymous and is used only to direct certain content to the visitor — so even when the visitor is on the page in one language, they will receive content relevant to the geographic area they are visiting from.
Registration cookies
When you register on a website, it generates a cookie that indicates whether or not you are registered. Servers use these cookies to show which account you are registered with and whether you have permission to use a particular service. They also allow any comment posted on the site to be associated with your username. If you have not selected “keep me logged in”, this cookie is deleted automatically when you close the browser or the device you used to connect to the site.
Other third-party cookies
On some web pages, third parties may set their own anonymous cookies, in order to track the success of an application or to personalise a piece of software. For example, when you share an article using a site’s social-media button, that social network will record your activity.
What kind of information is stored and accessed through cookies?
Cookies are central to how the internet works efficiently, helping to create a browsing experience that is friendly and adapted to each user’s preferences and interests. Refusing or disabling cookies can make some sites impossible to use.
A cookie stores important information that improves the internet browsing experience (for example: the language settings for accessing a site; keeping a user logged in to their webmail account; the security of online banking; keeping products in the shopping cart).
Why are cookies important for the internet?
Cookies are central to how the internet works efficiently, helping to create a browsing experience that is friendly and adapted to each user’s preferences and interests. Refusing or disabling cookies can make some sites impossible to use.
Examples of important uses of cookies (which do not require a user to log in with an account):
- Content and services adapted to the user’s preferences — news categories, weather, sport, maps, public and government services, entertainment sites, and travel services;
- Offers tailored to users’ interests — remembering passwords, language preferences (for example: showing search results in a given language);
- Remembering child-protection filters for internet content (family mode, safe search);
- Measurement, optimisation, and analytics features — such as confirming a certain level of traffic on a site, what type of content is viewed, and how a user reaches a website (for example: through search engines, directly, from other sites, etc.). Websites run these analyses of their use in order to improve their sites, which benefits users.
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